Global Advanced Research Journal of Microbiology (GARJM) ISSN: 2315-5116
August 2020 Vol. 9(4): pp. 059-068
Copyright © 2020 Global Advanced Research Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Epidemiological and bacteriological aspects of skin lesions in pupils attending primary schools in central Côte d’Ivoire (Bouaké)

Wayoro Oby Zéphirin ^1,2* _, Ehounoud Bilé Cyrille Hervé ^3,4, N’Guessan  A Nicaise epse Okoubo¹, Tadet Juste Olivier Nekker ², Boka Irie Sara Esther² Cox Constanze⁵, Dupke Susann⁵, Klee Silke R^5*, Akoua Koffi Chantal^2,6*

¹Université Felix Houphouet Boigny, Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, UFR Biosciences, Côte d’Ivoire

²Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire

³Laboratoire National d’Appui et du développement Agricole, LCVB Bingerville, service Bactériologie, Côte d’Ivoire

⁴Institut National de Santé Publique, IPR Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire

⁵Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS2), Berlin, Germany

⁶Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké,  Faculté de Médecine, Côte d’Ivoire

Email: obywayoro@gmail.com

Accepted 07 August, 2020

Abstract

In Sub-Saharan Africa, skin infections mainly affect children. Among this, cutaneous anthrax is known to affect domestic animals and young children might have contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, bacteriological aspects of skin lesions and to assess the risk of acquiring cutaneous anthrax in the school environment in Bouaké. It is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study. Epidemiological data were collected using a simple questionnaire. Skin lesions were analyzed using conventional bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was tested using the Kirby-Bauer technique according the Antibiogram Committee’s recommendations of the French Society of Microbiology 2019. Of the 3174 schoolchildren, 1220 (38.43%) had skin lesions. 325 (26.63%) schoolchildren were included in the study and had a mean age of 9 years (± 5) with a sex ratio of M/F at 1.65. Young schoolchildren aged 5 to 10 years were the most affected (76.62%). The majority had regular contact with domestic animals (64.31%). The rate of hand washing after defecation was 41.38%. Skin lesions were located on the lower limbs (91.69%), with superficial lesions (88.79%), ulceration (81.03%) and trauma (79.40%) being the most common. Culture of swabs was positive in 85.29% of cases and 277 bacterial strains were identified. The bacteria identified were mainly Staphylococcus aureus (71.84%), and Streptococcus spp. (6.50%). Bacillus spp. was observed rarely, and neither classic B. anthracis nor the atypical B. cereus biovar anthracis were identified. The resistance phenotypes reported in Staphylococcus aureus were PASE (95%), MRSA (34%), and VAN-R (15%).The high prevalence of MRSA requires also health surveillance in these schools. Our results can be used in the management or antibiotic treatment of skin infections.

Keywords: Skin lesions - Staphylococcus aureus- MRSA - schoolchildren - Côte d’Ivoire (Bouake).

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